AIRTEA Project delegates visit the Agribusiness Incubation and Innovation Hub (AIIH)

Young Entrepreneur Challenge Fund Access Agriculture is currently running a Young Entrepreneur Challenge Fund (YECF) to select the next&nbsp;Entrepreneurs for Rural Access (ERAs) residing in Rwanda. This initiative is part of the Knowledge Centres for Organic Agriculture (KCOA) Africa project funded by GiZ.&nbsp; The four team&nbsp;winners will be awarded a solar powered Digisoft smart projector consisting of Access Agriculture farmer-training videos translated into Kinyarwanda, French and English among other languages. They will also be offered coaching, training, advisory and business linkage services to facilitate their entrepreneurial journey.&nbsp; For more details, visit:&nbsp;<ul><li>About YECF in English:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.accessagriculture.org/young-entrepreneur-challenge-fund-0" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.accessagriculture.org/young-entrepreneur-challenge-fund-0</a>&nbsp;</li><li>About YECF in French:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.accessagriculture.org/fr/fonds-competitifs-dappui-aux-jeunes-entrepreneurs" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.accessagriculture.org/fr/fonds-competitifs-dappui-aux-jeunes-entrepreneurs</a>&nbsp;</li><li>Application form in English:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.accessagriculture.org/kcoa-rwanda-call" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.accessagriculture.org/kcoa-rwanda-call</a>&nbsp;</li><li>Application form in French:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.accessagriculture.org/fr/kcoa-rwanda-call-francais" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.accessagriculture.org/fr/kcoa-rwanda-call-francais</a>&nbsp;</li></ul> Please note: Applicants are free to respond using any of the&nbsp;two languages. However, all coaching and training instructions will be provided in English. It is therefore important for candidates to have good command of English.

Young Entrepreneur Challenge Fund

Recruitment of a researcher/investigator

Project: Rwanda Hydroponic Project

Donor: MasterCard Foundation

Duration: 12 months

1. BACKGROUND

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) was founded in 2014 by young professional farmers in Kigali, Rwanda. YEAN&rsquo;s vision is to transform traditional subsistence agriculture into agribusiness through youth innovations as skilled and powerful weapons for leading change. YEAN provides extension and advisory services to individual farmers, farmers&rsquo; organizations and contracts to design and implement innovative youth led programs in extension and advisory sector. YEAN core business in the next 5 years (YEAN Vision 2025) is to continue as a private enterprise that capacitate producers to make informed decisions, adopt agricultural innovations which increase, diversify, specialize, and intensify agricultural production and market access. YEAN Vision 2025 is a five-year strategic plan that will enable 150,000 farmers to access private Extension and Advisory Service. YEAN also serves national and international partners with quality locally produced programming including hosting a network of farmers and conducting feasibility studies for investors in the agribusiness sector in Rwanda.&nbsp;

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) is implementing a one-year project funded by the MasterCard Foundation. The project aims to pilot the use of hydroponics farming for transformative changes in the agriculture sector. As Rwanda&rsquo;s agricultural sector is heavily climate-dependent, in conjunction with ongoing climate change, rapidly increasing population, and the impact of this global pandemic; there is an urgent need to promote the use of new technology in this sector to tackle those challenges but also attract young people who shy away this sector while ensuring food security. 

This project will be implemented in Gasabo district, Kigali and Gicumbi district in the Northern Province, on the use of hydroponics for food and fodder production, respectively. Through this project, 50 young men and women will be equipped with skills and knowledge on the use of hydroponic where top performers will be provided with hydroponic kits to start and scale hydroponic farming businesses. The results of this project will significantly provide solutions on issues related to youth unemployment, current climate change impacts, issues imposed by COVID-19, and provide pertinent information on the use of hydroponic in Rwanda.

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) seeks the services of a consultant to lead the research component of Rwanda Hydroponic Project, guide M&amp;E activities, conduct research and publish any paper or policy brief based on the findings of the project.

2. OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT

The Following are the specific objectives of the assignment: 

<ol>
	<li style="text-align:justify">To lead the research component of the Rwanda Hydroponic Project,</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">To conduct research and publish any paper or policy brief based on the findings of the project</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">To guide M&amp;E activities</li>
</ol>

Overall responsibilities of the research include:

<ol>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Develop the overall framework of the baseline assessment and other project research</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Design/adapt the baseline assessment and other project related research questionnaires and pre-test the questionnaires</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Incorporate changes into the questionnaires after pre-testing the questionnaires&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Train the field enumerators whenever needed</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Plan field work logistics, supervise assessment implementation and ensure quality control&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Develop the data entry program, arrange for data cleaning and entry&nbsp;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Analyze report the findings of the assessment and other project related research, provide datasets and final documentation.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Write and support the publication of peer reviewed articles based on the findings of the project</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Design the M&amp;E system (setting up, implementation and reporting of M&amp;E findings)</li>
</ol>

Note:&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The inception reports shall highlight the planned timeline and work plan, literature review, detailed methodology, sampling framework, data collection and analysis tools, qualitative and/or quantitative protocols for data collection and analysis and, outline of the final reports shall be proposed for internal validation</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The final reports should be jargon free, clear and simply written. The main body of any report should not exceed 25 pages whenever possible and should include an executive summary, brief background, methods, findings and recommendations. Findings should be always backed up with relevant data, with reference to the data source and need to be specific. </li>
</ul>

3. DURATION 

The maximum number of days allocated for the research is 24 days. The M&amp;E activities will last the lifespan of the project. The researcher is expected to provide a detailed time schedule of various activities to be undertaken during the assignment. And major reports that are to be produced such as the inception report and end-term report of assessment / research, field visits and M&amp;E related reports should be mentioned in this section with the expected timeline for the delivery of each report. 

4. CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA OWNERSHIP

The researcher will protect the confidentiality of those participating in the assessment or research at all stages. All data is confidential and is the property of YEAN. No data or other information from assessments and research will be released to third parties without the written approval of YEAN.

The researcher will turn over all data and questionnaires to YEAN and will not destroy information and material at the end of the project and after all data and original documentation has been delivered to YEAN.

4. BUDGET

The consultant shall provide detailed estimates of the budget including daily rates or per diems, travel, technical meetings, learning tour items, and other related activities.

5. QUALIFICAITON AND REQUIREMENTS

Candidates for this position should fulfil the following&nbsp; qualifications and requirements:

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Be a Rwandan</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Hold MSc in Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Have experience in Research</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Have track records in data analysis, reporting and paper publication</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Having worked with a network of academicians</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Experience in working with youth</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Be self-motivated and a lifelong learner</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Team-oriented, possess a positive attitude and works well with others;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Excellent verbal and written communication skills in English, speak Kinyarwanda proficiently or with full fluency;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Ability to work efficiently and promptly with team members and stakeholders </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Comfort with using email/Google Hangout/Skype/SMS/Whatsapp/instant messaging as a primary means of communication is a must</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Good computer skills, including knowledge of Word and Excel and google docs</li>
</ul>

6. APPLICATION PROCESS

Interested candidates should write a motivation letter addressed to the Executive Secretary of YEAN and send it on email together with a detailed CV at <a href="mailto:info@yeanrwanda.org" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">info@yeanrwanda.org</a>&nbsp; Not later than March 8th, 2021 at 10:00 am. 

Only Selected candidate will be notified via Email.

<a href="https://yeanrwanda.org/images/E_library/YEAN_TERMS%20OF%20REFERENCE%20%20researcher_investigator.pdf" target="_blank">Download PDF File Here</a>

Done at Kigali on on March 1st , 2021,

Nshimiyimana Arcade

Executive Secretary

YEAN Rwanda

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Opportunity: Recruitment of a researcher / investigator

Provision of photography and videography services

Project: Rwanda Hydroponic Project

Donor: MasterCard Foundation

Duration: 12 months

&nbsp;

1. BACKGROUND

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) was founded in 2014 by young professional farmers in Kigali, Rwanda. YEAN&rsquo;s vision is to transform traditional subsistence agriculture into agribusiness through youth innovations as skilled and powerful weapons for leading change. YEAN provides extension and advisory services to individual farmers, farmers&rsquo; organizations and contracts to design and implement innovative youth led programs in extension and advisory sector. YEAN core business in the next 5 years (YEAN Vision 2025) is to continue as a private enterprise that capacitate producers to make informed decisions, adopt agricultural innovations which increase, diversify, specialize, and intensify agricultural production and market access. YEAN Vision 2025 is a five-year strategic plan that will enable 150,000 farmers to access private Extension and Advisory Service. YEAN also serves national and international partners with quality locally produced programming including hosting a network of farmers and conducting feasibility studies for investors in the agribusiness sector in Rwanda.&nbsp;

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) is implementing a one-year project funded by the MasterCard Foundation. The project&nbsp; aims to pilot the use of hydroponics farming for transformative changes in the agriculture sector. As Rwanda&rsquo;s agricultural sector is heavily climate-dependent, in conjunction with ongoing climate change, rapidly increasing population, and the impact of this global pandemic; there is an urgent need to promote the use of new technology in this sector to tackle those challenges but also attract young people who shy away this sector while ensuring food security. 

This project will be implemented in Gasabo district, Kigali and Gicumbi district in the northern province, on the use of hydroponics for food and fodder production, respectively. Through this project, 50 young men and women will be equipped with skills and knowledge on the use of hydroponic where top performers will be provided with hydroponic kits to start and scale hydroponic farming businesses. The results of this project will significantly provide solutions on issues related to youth unemployment, current climate change impacts, issues imposed by COVID-19, and provide pertinent information on the use of hydroponic in Rwanda.

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) seeks the services of a photographer to provide the services of photography and videography to document the Rwanda Hydroponic project

2. OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) seeks the services of a photographer to provide the services of photography and videography to document the Rwanda Hydroponic Project

Following are the specific objectives of the assignment:&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">To take pictures of the Rwanda Hydroponic Project ensuring that all elements within each photo work together harmoniously to convey the right vision and message of the project,</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">To edit and retouching the images to make them more appealing and arrange them in a suitable layout,</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">To make and edit videos of the Rwanda Hydroponic Project for a creative, technical and documentary purpose</li>
</ul>

Overall responsibilities of the photographer include:

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Analyze and plan the composition of photographs and videos</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Use various photographic techniques and lighting equipment</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Capture subjects in professional-quality photographs</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Enhance the subject&rsquo;s appearance with natural or artificial light</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Use photo-enhancing software</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Manage camera footage, dialogue, sound effects, graphics and special effects</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Edit and assemble recorded raw material into suitable, finished products ready for broadcasting</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Build the capacity of YEAN&rsquo;s digital extension team</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Archive and provide the capacity to manage imagery and videos</li>
</ul>

3. DURATION 

The maximum number of days allocated for the photography and videography services to document the Rwanda Hydroponic project is 30 days. The photographer is expected to provide a detailed time schedule of various activities to be undertaken during the assignment dispatched over the course of the project.

4. BUDGET

The photographer shall provide detailed estimates of the budget including daily rates or per diems, travel, technical meetings, learning tour items, and other related activities.

5. QUALIFICAITON AND REQUIREMENTS

Candidates for this position should fulfil the following qualifications and requirements

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Be a Rwandan</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Hold a Bachelor&rsquo;s degree in Development studies</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Minimum of 3 years&rsquo; experience in Video and Photo production as a freelancer</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Be self-motivated,</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Team-oriented, possess a positive attitude and works well with others;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Excellent verbal and written communication skills in English, speak Kinyarwanda proficiently or with full fluency;</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Ability to work efficiently and promptly with team members and stakeholders </li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Good computer skills, including knowledge of video and photography softwares</li>
</ul>

6. APPLICATION PROCESS

Interested candidates should write a motivation letter addressed to the Executive Secretary of YEAN and send it on email together with a detailed CV at <a href="mailto:info@yeanrwanda.org" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">info@yeanrwanda.org</a>&nbsp; Not later than March 8th, 2021 at 10:00 am. 

Only Selected candidate will be notified via Email.

<a href="https://yeanrwanda.org/images/E_library/YEAN_TERMS%20OF%20REFERENCE_Provision%20of%20photography%20and%20videography%20services.pdf" target="_blank">Download PDF File here</a>

Done at Kigali on on March 1st , 2021

Nshimiyimana Arcade

Executive Secretary

YEAN Rwanda

Provision of photography and videography services

Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA) admissions and Scholarship Information 

Hello! We are RICA!

At Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), we are more than just another institution. We are a world class institute part of a movement to transform agriculture in Rwanda.

Start your story at RICA!

Applications for admission and scholarship open in February 2020! To learn more,&nbsp;click here or copy and paste it in your browser:

&nbsp;<a href="https://www.rica.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/RICA-Admissions-Flyer-191217.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.rica.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/RICA-Admissions-Flyer-191217.pdf</a>

Here are the criteria to be eligible for admission:

&bull; Rwandan citizen

&bull; Demonstrated leadership and entrepreneurship potential

&bull; Demonstrated passion for agriculture

&bull; Demonstrated English proficiency on RICA&rsquo;s language examinations

&bull; Minimum National Exam score of 40 (REB) or 36 (WDA)

&bull; Minimum 2 Principal Passes on National Examinations

All students admitted to RICA are given a full three year scholarship, including tuition, medical insurance, accommodation and meals on campus.

--------------------

Sajji RYAKUNZE 
RICA Stakeholder Relations Director&nbsp;

Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA) admissions and Scholarship Information 

Uko inzuki zororoka, ibibangamira inzuki ndetse n&rsquo;ibyo wakwitwararika mu bworozi bwazo ngo zitange umusaruro mwiza.

Inzuki ni kimwe n&#39;andi matungo tumenyereye yorowe n&rsquo;abanyarwanda. Ahakorerwa ubworozi hitwa mu uruvumvu cyangwa urwega. Inzuki zidufitiye umumaro kuko ziduha ubuki, ibinyagu, intsinda, n&rsquo;ibindi ariko hari n&rsquo;ibindi byinshi inzuki zidufasha cyane cyane mukubangurira igihingwa. M&rsquo;ubusanzwe ahantu hororerwa inzuki niho haboneka umusaruro mwinshi ugereranije n&rsquo;ahandi, ariko bitewe n&rsquo;ahariho. Iyo aho hantu ubutaka bwitabwaho. Njye na we dufatanije twabunga bunga iki kinyabuzima

Ariko se umuntu abangamira inzuki ryari? 

Iyo utema ibiti, kurya inyo (intsinda) cyangwa ibyana , iyo utera imiti ifite ubukana bukabije biziviramo gupfa mu&nbsp; gihe zagiye guhova kuri icyo gihingwa cyatewe, gusenya ubuturo bwazo, guhora m&rsquo;umuzinga ngo uri gusura ubworozi, kuzinyagiza , kuzisakuriza n&rsquo;ibindi bitandukanye bizibangamira.

Ni ryari wemerewe gusura umuzinga wawe?

Iyo tuvuvuze gusura inzuki tuba dushatse kuvuga&nbsp; kujya kureba niba inzuki zarakoze ubuki, ubuzima bwazo n&#39;imyororokere&nbsp; yazo n&rsquo;uko burikugenda muri rusange. Kugirango umworozi arusheho kongera kuzitaho. Ibyo kandi bigendana no gucunga umutekano w&#39;inzuki mumunzinga, bareba uburwayi niba harubwateye mubworozi, no kureba niba nta byonnyi byateye m&rsquo;ubworozi ndetse no guca kw&#39;inzuki.

Icyitonderwa: Ntibyemewe ko umworozi ahora mubworozi kubera ko inzuki zanga abazihorera m&rsquo;umuzinga&nbsp; n&rsquo;urusaku

Iyo utubahirije ibyagenwe mu bworozi bw&rsquo;inzuki ziraca, ugahomba. Niba ushaka kujya mubworozi itwararike ibi bintu bikuriki

&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Irinde kwambara imyenda yumukara,

&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; irinde kwisiga amavuta ahumura,

&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; irinde&nbsp; kujyana urusaku,

&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ambara imyambaro yabigenewe,

&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; irinde gutinda m&rsquo;uruvumvu kuko zanga umuntu uzibuza uburenganzira bwazo

Amasaha meza yo kujya m&rsquo;ubworozi bwawe

Amasaha meza ya mugitondo yo gukora mu nzuki&nbsp; ni guhera saa kumi n&rsquo;ebyiri kugeza saa yine (06H00-10H00) naho ku gicamunsi ni kuva saa kumi kugeza saa kumi n&rsquo;ebyiri (16H00-18H00).

Icyitonderwa: Birabujijwe kujya m&rsquo;ubworozi udafite ifumbero y&#39;umuriro

Icyitonderwa: Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo by&rsquo;uwayanditse. Ntago bihagarariye cyangwa ari ibya YEAN.

Inyandiko yateguwe na Twahirwa Leonard&nbsp;

Twahirwa Leonard ni umuvumvu wabigize umwuga wize ubuzima bw&rsquo;amatungo (animal health) mu mashuli yisumbuye, naho muri kaminuza akurikira ibijyanye no kwita k&rsquo;urusobe rw&rsquo;ibinyabuzima (wildlife management), akaba yaranagize amahugurwa atandukanye ku bworozi bwa kinyamwuga bw&rsquo;inzuki. Akorera ubuvumvu mu turere twa Nyamagabe na Rusizi.

Uko inzuki zororoka, ibibangamira inzuki ndetse n'ibyo wakwitwararika mu bworozi bwazo ngo zitange umusaruro mwiza.

&nbsp;

<span style="color:black; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Through YPARD Rwanda, I have been invited to attend the African Potato Association (APA) <span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Conference held in Kigali Rwanda from 25-29 August 2019 as a social media reporter under YEAN/YPARD Social media reporting program.&nbsp; Apart from connecting with experts in potato value chain globally, I discovered various opportunities that are in Irish Potatoes value chain and the role youth are praying to ensure its development (especially Rwandan Youth)!

&nbsp;

<span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">The Four days experience with seasoned panelists and experts, research presentations and exhibitors, followed by a field trip, was special to me.&nbsp; I&nbsp;discovered how bringing youth at the center can quickly transform potato value chain in Rwanda. Together with delegates. We visited the Northern Province where we visited four institutions and industries that play a significant economic role in potato value chain: 1) Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) Musanze, 2) SOPYRWA and 3) Hollanda Fair foods.

&nbsp;

<span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">The first stop over was at Rwanda Agriculture board<span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> Musanze where they do mainly research, Pathology and seed multiplication, and most of&nbsp; the works are done by youth same in Horizon SOPYRWA where over 90% of people working in there are youth including my classmates who welcomed us<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SOPYRWA?src=hashtag_click"><span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">.</a><span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> SOPYRWA is an agri-company that makes and markets pyrethrum, essential oils and produce greenhouse products including potatoes. 99% at Hollanda Fair foods during our visit were young people as well.

&nbsp;

<span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">However much we can be happy with a big portion of youth employed in different entities, questions remain on how better to partner with young people and their networks to play a role in creating their own opportunities to cope with Africa population that is growing faster than the jobs that the whole Africa created. 

&nbsp;

<span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">The E agriculture article published by FOA in June 2019 with the title <a href="http://www.fao.org/e-agriculture/news/future-africa%E2%80%99s-agriculture-rests-youth"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">The future of Africa&rsquo;s Agriculture rests with the youth</a><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> mentions that Africa is in the height of a crisis and an opportunity. Africa&rsquo;s population stands at 1,2 billion people and over 60% are below the age of 25. Yet most African youths are not employed, and according to the World Bank by 2035, 350 million new jobs will be needed. 

<span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">From this experience with APA conference, I realized&nbsp;that the Youth of today contain endless potential. We have our future in our hands. The choice we make about where to work, <span style="color:black; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">what kind of work to pursue, <span style="color:#273b09; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">where to study, what<span style="color:black; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:DengXian; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin"> kind of study and how to participate in our communities will be felt far and wide

&nbsp;

<span style="color:black; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">&nbsp;Blog Author: Uzayisenga Helene

&nbsp;

<span style="color:black; font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin">Photo Credits: African Potato Association

&nbsp;&nbsp;

The role of  youth in potato value chain development

I am Henriette Aimee Mutangampundu, A young professional social media reporter of YEAN/YPARD social media reporting program. I was deployed together with other five young professionals to interact and live tweet the 11th Triennial African Potato Association Conference that reached 2.1 million impressions on social media. The five-day summit enabled me to learn further innovative solutions to postharvest management, processing and marketing system of potatoes and sweet potatoes. The science says that postharvest loss is a degradation in both quality and quantity of food production from harvest to consumption. The Post-harvest loss management strategy of the African Union mentions that roughly one third of the food produced in the world for human consumption is wasted. The total quantitative food loss in sub-Saharan Africa has been estimated at 100 million metric tons per year.&nbsp;

Potatoes and sweet potatoes (Roots and tubers) are more perishable than grains; this is related to their higher moisture content and it affects the most rural farmers in developing countries. Having grown up in a community where potatoes and sweet potatoes are among the key source of family cash income. I further learnt from the Honorable Minister of Agriculture of Rwanda Dr.Gerardine Mukeshimana that sweet potatoes alone contribute to 21.6% of the total national requirements in terms of calories.&nbsp;

The Government of Rwanda has aggressively invested in post-harvest facilities, with 101 fully functional potato collection centers in major potato producing areas and additional investments are being made in collaboration with the private sector and other partners to increase capacity.&nbsp;

Why is it important to innovate around these crops in terms of managing the post harvest, technologies and marketing systems?&nbsp;

Data from the Rwanda Ministry of agriculture mentions that 70% of the Rwandan population is engaged in the agricultural sector, Potato and sweet potato cover respectively 3.9% and 5.2% of Rwanda&#39;s total cultivated area, the country has an annual consumption of 125kg for potato and 145 kg for sweet potato per person, Rwanda is the 3rd largest consumer of sweet potato in Africa and 6th largest potato producer in Africa.&nbsp;

CIP Rwanda and its partners gave me another excellent opportunity to tour the potato and sweet potato value chains where together with experts and delegates, I explored the progress in the industry ranging from mechanization, processing and vine multiplication.&nbsp;

Throughout my experience as a non-experienced young professional from a different educational background, I learned that there is always a wealth created when you are given proper knowledge, proper exposure and proper tools. I did not believe of a business in vine multiplications, young entrepreneurs are investing in sweet potato value chain like CARL Group with VITA Bread that is currently competitive on Rwanda market as well as the government willing and support to transform the potato and sweet potato value chain for higher end markets.&nbsp;

However, there is a need to keep reducing the losses of potato and sweet potato; we need proven technology adopted by smallholder farmers. These are modern technology in harvesting, handling, packing, transportation, storage and processing. We need to attract more youth and women to lead the processing and commercialization of potato and sweet potato products in different formats.&nbsp;

Everyone can have a stake! I may not become a potato farmer nor a processor but I can become a professional social media reporter for potato farmers and actors as a result of being exposed to this value chain during the 11th Triennial African Potato Association Conference held in Kigali from 25th to 29th August 2019. I commend YEAN and YPARD Rwanda initiative for young professionals social media reporters to have partnered with the International Potato Center (CIP).

&nbsp;Blog Author: Henriette Aimee Mutangampundu&nbsp;

Photo Credits: African Potato Association

Innovative solutions to post-harvest losses: My reflections from the 11th Triennial African Potato Association Conference 

Consultancy services to offer trainings on innovative agriculture technologies with specific focus on Hydroponic farming

Project: Rwanda Hydroponic Project

Donor: MasterCard Foundation

Duration: 12 months

1. BACKGROUND

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) was founded in 2014 by young professional farmers in Kigali, Rwanda. YEAN&rsquo;s vision is to transform traditional subsistence agriculture into agribusiness through youth innovations as skilled and powerful weapons for leading change. YEAN provides extension and advisory services to individual farmers, farmers&rsquo; organizations and contracts to design and implement innovative youth led programs in extension and advisory sector. YEAN core business in the next 5 years (YEAN Vision 2025) is to continue as a private enterprise that capacitate producers to make informed decisions, adopt agricultural innovations which increase, diversify, specialize, and intensify agricultural production and market access. YEAN Vision 2025 is a five-year strategic plan that will enable 150,000 farmers to access private Extension and Advisory Service. YEAN also serves national and international partners with quality locally produced programming including hosting a network of farmers and conducting feasibility studies for investors in the agribusiness sector in Rwanda.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) is implementing a one-year project funded by the MasterCard Foundation. The project&nbsp; aims to pilot the use of hydroponics farming for transformative changes in the agriculture sector. As Rwanda&rsquo;s agricultural sector is heavily climate-dependent, in conjunction with ongoing climate change, rapidly increasing population, and the impact of this global pandemic; there is an urgent need to promote the use of new technology in this sector to tackle those challenges but also attract young people who shy away this sector while ensuring food security.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

This project will be implemented in Gasabo district, Kigali and Gicumbi district in the northern province, on the use of hydroponics for food and fodder production, respectively. Through this project, 50 young men and women will be equipped with skills and knowledge on the use of hydroponic where top performers will be provided with hydroponic kits to start and scale hydroponic farming businesses. The results of this project will significantly provide solutions on issues related to youth unemployment, current climate change impacts, issues imposed by COVID-19, and provide pertinent information on the use of hydroponic in Rwanda.

&nbsp;

Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network (YEAN) seeks the services of a consultant to build the capacity of participating youth and groups on the use of innovative agriculture technologies with specific focus on Hydroponic farming in Kicukiro and Gicumbi sites

&nbsp;

2. OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT

YEAN seeks to recruit a facilitator to build the capacity on the use of innovative agriculture technologies with specific focus on Hydroponic farming.

Following are the specific objectives of the assignment:&nbsp;

<ol>
	<li dir="ltr">
	To facilitate training on innovative agriculture technologies;
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	To facilitate practical sessions on the use of hydroponic farming
	</li>
</ol>

&nbsp;

Overall responsibilities of the facilitator include:

<ol>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Design training curriculum on innovative agriculture technologies and the use of hydroponic farming
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Organize in-house and offsite activities, like presentations, simulations and role-playing exercises
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Order instructional material (e.g. manuals)
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Enrich courses with visual aids to engage trainees
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Facilitate the learning tours at farms
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Measure outcomes from trainings
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Research and recommend learning equipments
	</li>
</ol>

&nbsp;

3. DURATION&nbsp;

The maximum number of days allocated for the capacity building initiatives is 30 days. The facilitator is expected to provide a detailed time schedule of various activities to be undertaken during the assignment.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

4. BUDGET

The facilitator shall provide detailed estimates of the budget including daily rates or per diems, travel, technical meetings, learning tour items, and other related activities.

&nbsp;

5. QUALIFICAITON AND REQUIREMENTS

Candidates for this position should fulfil the following&nbsp; qualifications and requirements

<ul>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Be a Rwandan
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Hold a post graduate diploma in Horticulture and a Bachelors degree in Agricultural Sciences
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Have field experience in greenhouse technologies and maintenance of Irrigation kits from one of the following countries: Israel, Netherland, Kenya
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Have track records in Tissue culture
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Having worked with the farmers for at least two years
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Experience in training young people in horticulture sector
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Be self-motivated,
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Team-oriented, possess a positive attitude and works well with others;
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Excellent verbal and written communication skills in English, speak Kinyarwanda proficiently or with full fluency;
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Ability to work efficiently and promptly with team members and stakeholders&nbsp;
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Comfort with using email/Google Hangout/Skype/SMS/Whatsapp/instant messaging as a primary means of communication is a must
	</li>
	<li dir="ltr">
	Good computer skills, including knowledge of Word and Excel and google docs
	</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;

6. APPLICATION PROCESS

Interested candidates should write a motivation letter addressed to the Executive Secretary of YEAN and send it on email together with a detailed CV at <a href="mailto:info@yeanrwanda.org">info@yeanrwanda.org</a>&nbsp; Not later than March 8th, 2021 at 10:00 am.&nbsp;

Only Selected candidate will be notified via Email.

Download PDF file <a href="https://yeanrwanda.org/images/E_library/YEAN_TERMS%20OF%20REFERENCE_Consultancy%20services%20to%20offer%20trainings.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>

&nbsp;

Done at Kigali on on March 1st , 2021.

Nshimiyimana Arcade

Executive Secretary

YEAN Rwanda

Consultancy services to offer trainings on innovative agriculture technologies with specific focus on Hydroponic farming

Empowering Agriculture and harnessing agripreneurship: The Effectiveness of Youth-Led Extension Services

YEAN mu bikorwa byo gushyigikira gahunda zo guhangana n&rsquo;ingaruka za Korona Virusi (COVID 19)

Muri iki gihe twugarijwe n&rsquo;icyorezo cya korona virusi (COVID19) cyagize ingaruka ku bikorwa byacu bitandukanye, dushimiye ubuyobozi bw&rsquo;igihugu cyacu bwashyizeho ingamba n&rsquo;amabwiriza byihariye ngo ibikorwa by&rsquo;ubuhinzi n&rsquo;ubworozi bikomeze ndetse no kugera ku biribwa bishoboke. Ni ngombwa ariko ko nk&rsquo;abari muri uyu mwuga cyane cyane urubyiruko n&rsquo;abahinzi borozi, tugira uruhare rudasanzwe muri uku guhangana n&rsquo;ingaruka z&rsquo;iki cyorezo dufatanyije n&rsquo;inzego zitandukanye zibifite mu nshingano.

YEAN turashimira abahinzi n&#39;aborozi bakomeje gukorana imbaraga kugirango bateze imbere imirimo yabo tubashishikariza gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga imihingire myiza itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza. Nkuko bigaragazwa n&rsquo;Ishami ry&#39;umuryango w&#39;abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n&#39;ubuhinzi ku isi (FAO), Hakenewe imbaraga n&rsquo;ubufatanye bwa buri wese mu guhangana n&rsquo;ingaruka z&rsquo;iki cyorezo.

YEAN nk&rsquo;umuryango w&rsquo;urubyiruko rukora Iyamamazabuhinzi n&rsquo;ubworozi (Agriculture Extension &amp;Advisory Services)&nbsp;

Twiyemeje kugira uruhare rwihariye mu bikorwa bikurikira:

1. &nbsp; Kugeza ku bahinzi borozi ndetse n&rsquo;abanyarwanda bakurikira ibikorwa bya YEAN uruhare rw&rsquo;abafatanyabikorwa bari mu buhinzi mu guhangana na korona virus n&rsquo;ingaruka zayo.

2. Kwigira ku bikorwa by&rsquo;abahinzi borozi ndetse n&#39;urubyiruko b&rsquo;indashyikirwa mu bikorwa byabo ndetse no mw&#39;iyamamazabuhinzi muri ibi bihe by&rsquo;icyorezo cya Korona Virusi

3.&nbsp; Gushishikariza abahinzi borozi ndetse n&#39;urubyiruko ruri mu buhinzibworozi kugaragaza no kugira uruhare rwihariye mu buhinzi n&rsquo;ubworozi bwubahiriza amabwiriza ajyanye no gukumira icyorezo no kugeza ku isoko umusaruro mwiza (heathy food)

4.&nbsp; Gukora ubukangurambaga bubungabunga imyumvire n&rsquo;imyitwarire byiza hagamijwe gukora neza ubuhinzi bworozi n&rsquo;umusaruro byiza (Healthy food system). &nbsp; &nbsp;

Ibi bizagerwaho ku bufatanye n&rsquo;urubuga rw&rsquo;abahinzi borozi rwa YEAN rugizwe n&rsquo; abahinzi borozi barenga ibihumbi cumi na bibiri (12,000), abafatanyabikorwa bafite mu nshingano guhanga na Korona Virusi n&rsquo;ingaruka zayo , abahinzi borozi ndetse n&rsquo;abaguzi b&rsquo;umusaruro.

Dufatanye guhangana n&rsquo;iki cyorezo, dukomeza guhinga no korora neza twongera umusaruro mu bwiza no mu bwinshi kugirango haboneke ibiribwa muri iki gihe no mu gihe kizaza. TUZATSINDA.

Murakoze.

YEAN&nbsp;

Twitter:@YEAN_Rwanda , #WeAreFarmers250,&nbsp; #YEAN4HealthyFoodSystem , Facebook: <a href="https://web.facebook.com/groups/farmerplatform/?ref=group_header">Urubuga rw&#39;ABAHINZI-BOROZI | Farmer Platform</a>,&nbsp;

YEAN mu bikorwa byo gushyigikira gahunda zo guhangana nâ€™ingaruka za Korona Virusi (COVID 19)

Intambwe icumi (10) watera nk&rsquo;umuntu ushaka kwinjira mu bworozi bw&#39;inzuki.

1. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukuba m&rsquo; umuryango w&rsquo;aborozi b&rsquo;inzuki mu gace utuyemo. Kuko musangira amakuru y&rsquo;uko ubworozi bw&rsquo;inzuki buhagaze ,uko bukorwa ukanabaherekeza mu kazi kose kajyanye n&rsquo;ubworozi.

2. Niba utamenyereye gukora mu nzuki birashoboka ko wakwiga ibyerekeranye nazo hamwe nabaho basanzwe bazoroye

3. Nanone ushobora kurumwa n&rsquo;inzuki mbere yuko wowe ubwawe utangira ubworozi bwazo, umworozi agomba kumvikana nazo kuko uba ungomba kuba inshuti n&rsquo;inzuki.

4. Igihe wabaye umunyamuryango w&rsquo;aborozi b&#39;inzuki bo mugace utuyemo, mukagirana umubano. ibitekerezo by&rsquo;uko borora bizagenda byiyongera. Ibibazobi bizakurikira nyuma yo kumenya uko ubworozi bukorwa:

-ni inde tuzakorana?

-ni ibihe bikoresho nzakoresha?

-ni he nzagurisha ibikomoka ku nzuki?

5. Niba utangiye umushinga w&#39;inzuki ugomba kwishimira gukorana n&rsquo;umuntu umwe cyangwa babiri&nbsp; muri ako gace ugiye kororeramo, uhitemo aborozi babifitiye ubushobozi (ubumenyi) kandi bumvikana. Aho nawe ingufu zawe ziziyongera. Korora inzuki ubwawe no kwifashisha uburyo butandukanye n&rsquo;uburi aho utuye n&#39;intambwe zizaguteza imbere.

6. Nibura tangirana ubwa mbere n&rsquo;imizinga ibiri gusa. Ibi bizaguha icyigereranyo cy&rsquo;uko wakongera imizinga bitewe n&rsquo;imbaraga washyize muri yayindi ibiri bigutere imbaraga n&rsquo;ishyaka bitewe n&#39;inyungu wavanye muri ya yindi ibiri watangiranye.

7. Mugutegura shyiraho intego z&#39;ukuri.

Icyitonderwa: Umushinga muto ugerwaho kuko umushinga muto biroroha kuwusobanura no kuwushyira mu bikorwa kuruta umushinga munini.

8. Ugutsinda kw&rsquo;igitekerezo no kwemerwa mu ruhando rw&rsquo;abandi borozi bishobora guterwa n&rsquo;uburyo usobanura umushingwa wawe. IGa gusobanura ibyo ukora ku rugero ruhagije.&nbsp;

9. Ibikoresho ukoresha biterwa n&rsquo;imiterere yahantu uri: Ugomba guhitamo ibikoresho bitewe n&rsquo;ahantu uri, n&#39;abatekenisiye bahari, bakagufasha guhitamo ubwoko bw&#39;imizinga n&#39;ibikoresho wakoresha utangira ubworozi.

10.Kumenya abantu bakora ibikoresho byifashishwa mubworozi bw&#39;inzuki kugirango bijye biguha icyizere cy&rsquo;uwo muzajya mukorana n&rsquo;ubuzirangenge bwabyo.

Icyitonderwa: Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo by&rsquo;uwayanditse. Ntago bihagarariye cyangwa ari ibya YEAN

Inyandiko yanditswe na Twahirwa Leonard&nbsp;

Twahirwa Leonard ni umuvumvu wabigize umwuga wize ubuzima bw&rsquo;amatungo (animal health) mu mashuli yisumbuye, naho muri kaminuza akurikira ibijyanye no kwita k&rsquo;urusobe rw&rsquo;ibinyabuzima (wildlife management), akaba yaranagize amahugurwa atandukanye ku bworozi bwa kinyamwuga bw&rsquo;inzuki. Akorera ubuvumvu mu turere twa Nyamagabe na Rusizi.

Intambwe icumi (10) watera nkâ€™umuntu ushaka kwinjira mu bworozi bw'inzuki

Uko inzuki zivanwa mu muzinga wa gakondo zishyirwa mu muzinga wa kijyambere

Iby&rsquo;ibanze ugomba kuba ufite

1. Ifumbero ( igikoresho gikoreshwa mugufuhera inzuki mugihe uhakura).

2. Umuzinga wa kijyambere ( langstroth, kenyane) biterwa n&rsquo;uwo ufite ugiye gukoresha.

3. Waramaze gutegura neza ahazakorerwa ubworozi.

4. Ufite imyambaro ikoreshwa mu bworozi. Urugero: bote, ga zigenewe gukoreshwa mu bworozi, head cover, n&rsquo;ibindi byose bicyenerwa kugirango inzuki zitakurya.

Twakomeje tujya ku muzinga, reba neza niba koko inzuki mu muzinga wa gakondo zirimo, usanze zirimo , fata ifumbero yawe ufuhere umwotsi ku nzuki ziri kuwa gakondo kugirango zibe zimere nkizitaye ubwenge, zirajya m&rsquo;uruhande rumwe ariko ibyo byose ubinyuza m&rsquo;umuryango (umunwa w&rsquo;umuzinga, aho inzuki zinjirira),

Sakambura uwa gakondo uwuvaneho umwanda bitaza gutuma u Rwiru rwihisha muri uwo mwanda. Tangira uhakure, niba inzuki zagiye m&rsquo;uruhande rumwe kandi niba urikubonamo ubuki, cyangwa ibinyagu ;&nbsp; bitereke mu kintu kindi niba wamaze kubikuramo.

Icyitonderwa: Uko uhakura usatira impuzo inzuki nazo niko zigenda zihunga umwotsi zibumbira&nbsp; mu mpuzo

Kugirango wirinde ko inzuki zigwa hasi, fata umuzinga utarimo inzuki ( empty) wakijyambere uwushyire hasi, kugirango nizigwa zijye zigwamo.

Icyitonderwa: Kuramo amakaderi, urayasubizamo nyuma.

Umaze guhakura ubuki, ibinyagu, kunkumurira muri wawundi upfunduye inzuki, ariko witondere urwiru. Niba rwagiyemo muri wawundi wa kijyambere.

Icyitonderwa: akuma gatangira urwiru ugashyiramo mbere mu maso ya wawundi wa kijyambere

Pfundikira niba wamaze gukunkumurira muri wawundi wa kijyambere , nihashira akanya ukabona mumaso y&rsquo;umuzinga hari nzuki zinjira izindi ziri gukubita amababa ariko zitaguruka menyako urwiru rwagezemo.

Inzuki Izisigaye muri wa wundi wa gakondo zisuke hasi iruhande rwa wawundi wa kijyambere. Kugirango zinjiremo neza zikuruwe naya pheromone y&#39;urwiru. Cyane cyane ibyana biba bitaramenya kuguruka.

Umuzinga wa gakondo wusubize aho waturetse vuba kugirango inzuki zagiye guhova zitabura aho zinjira, aho kugirango zinjire muwundi byegeranye, ariko ukibuka ko mugihe ugiye kuzicuranura n&rsquo; imizinga byegeranye nayo uyi fuheraho umwotsi.

Reka inzuki wasutse hasi zinjire muri uwo wa kijyambere noneho nawo uwuterure witonze wambaye imyambaro yabugenewe uwujyane aho wateguye kororera hari indabyo cyangwa hafi yaho zahova.

Noneho ya ma kaderi uyasubizamo mugihe urikubona ko inzuki zamaze gutuza muri wa wundi wa kijyambere

Gusa biba byiza iyo uwo wa kijyambere uwujyanye nimugoroba, wabanje kuwurekera iruhande rwuwacuranuwe, ibi impamvu bikorwa aya masaha nuko inzuki ziba zavuye guhova zose ziba zagarutse ikindi ziba zituje kuburyo zitagucika. Ikindi funga amaso yu wa kijyambere mugihe uri kuwutwara uwuvana aho uwa gakondo waruri uwujyana ahateguwe.

Ibibazo bishobora kubamo

Harigihe umuzinga wa gakondo uba wuzuyemo inzuki nyinshi kuburyo bigoye kubona urwiru, bikugora ubibwirwa nuko ushyiramo inzuki zirigusohoka, niba ubibonye fata wawundi wagakondo ukunkumurire hasi n&rsquo;ubundi, wakomeza kurubura ukawucurika ukubita hasi (ushinze). Nukomeza kurubura shakira mumahango y&rsquo;umuzinga wagakondo.

Igihe cyose umuntu afata inzuki, ibinyagu bifite ibyana byiza umuntu ashobora kubiha umuzinga wakijyambere, noneho inzuki washyizemo zigahita zibikoresha babyita &ldquo;kwatira&rdquo;

Icyitonderwa: Niba wamaze gushyira inzuki neza mu muzinga wa kijyambere ziteho uzihe byose bisabwa nawe bizaguha umusaruro mwiza.

-----------

Icyitonderwa: Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo by&rsquo;uwayanditse. Ntago bihagarariye cyangwa ari ibya YEAN.

Inyandiko yateguwe na Twahirwa Leonard&nbsp;

Twahirwa Leonard ni umuvumvu wabigize umwuga wize ubuzima bw&rsquo;amatungo (animal health) mu mashuli yisumbuye, naho muri kaminuza akurikira ibijyanye no kwita k&rsquo;urusobe rw&rsquo;ibinyabuzima (wildlife management), akaba yaranagize amahugurwa atandukanye ku bworozi bwa kinyamwuga bw&rsquo;inzuki. Akorera ubuvumvu mu turere twa Nyamagabe na Rusizi.

Uko inzuki zivanwa mu muzinga wa gakondo zishyirwa mu muzinga wa kijyambere

Ubworozi bw&rsquo;Inkoko zitera amagi, aho ziba, kororoka, ibiryo byazo,umusaruro wazo

Aho ziba

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkoko zigomba kuba ahantu zisanzuye kandi hari urumuri n&rsquo;umwuka bihagije.

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dore umwanya bateganya uko ugomba kuba ungana :

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1m&sup2; ku mishwi 20 (umunsi umwe kugeza ku minsi 30);

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1m&sup2;&nbsp; ku bigwana 10 (ukwezi&nbsp; kugeza&nbsp; ku mezi 5);

&bull; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1m&sup2; ku nkokokazi5&nbsp;&nbsp; zitera ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; inkoko zigomba kugira urugo rwo gutemberamo ku zuba. Urwo rugo rugomba kuba ruzitiye kugira ngo zitajya hanze yarwo.

Kororoka

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkokokazi itangira gutera imaze amezi 5,5 ivutse ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Irarira iminsi 21 ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkokokazi ishobora gutera idafite isake, ariko igatera&nbsp; amahuri ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Isake imwe irahagije ku nkokokazi 10 kugira ngo zitere amagi atari amahuri;

Inkokokazi imaze umwaka itera igomba kuvanwa mu bworozi.

Igaburo

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kugira ngo inkoko zikure neza kandi zitange amagi menshi, zigomba kugaburirwa neza;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ku bashoboye kubona imvange, dore uko bagomba kuyitanga&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; kuri buri nkoko, ku munsi:

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Icyumweru cya 1 ivutse: gr 15

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Icyumweru cya 8: gr 50

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Icyumweru cya 20: gr 100

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Icyumweru cya 22: gr 120

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkoko itera: gr 130

Umusaruro

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkoko yo mu bwoko bwa RIR (Rhode Island Red) ishobora gutera ku mwaka amagi 220 iyo yafashwe neza. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro w&rsquo;amagi wa 60% ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkoko yo mu bwoko Derco, iyo ifashwe neza ishobora gutera amagi 250 ku mwaka. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro wa 69% ku mwaka&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hari ubundi bwoko bushobora gutera amagi 300 ku mwaka, aha twavuga nka Warren ;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Inkoko isanzwe ya kinyarwanda ishobora gutera amagi 60 kugeza kuri 90 ku mwaka. Mu bwoko bwa kinyarwanda, hagenda habamo zimwe ziba nziza kuruta izindi.

NB: Izi ngero zishobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n&rsquo;akarere inkoko zirimo ndetse n&rsquo;ubwoko bw&rsquo;inkoko IBIRYO BIKENEWE KU NKOKO Z&rsquo;INYAMA

Ibyiciro by&rsquo;inkoko zitera amajyi

o&nbsp;&nbsp; Imishwi y&rsquo;inko z&rsquo;amagi&nbsp;

igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye (ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amashanyarazi).&nbsp; Ubushyuhe bukenewe ku nkoko z&rsquo;inyama ni nabwo bukenewe ku nkoko z&rsquo;amagi.&nbsp;

o&nbsp;&nbsp; Ibigwana by&rsquo;inkoko z&rsquo;amagi&nbsp;

Ni ukuva ku cyumweru cya cyenda kugeza ku cyumweru cya 20 &nbsp; &nbsp;

Ni muri kiriya gihe inkoko zigomba gukurikiranwa, hagakorwa inking zose zabugenewe, isuku ikitabwaho ibiryo n&rsquo;amazi nabyo bikaba bihagije. &nbsp;

Inkoko zitangiye gutera amagi.&nbsp;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje (hafi ku byumweru 80), &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mbere y&rsquo;ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko&nbsp; zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyiramo udusanduka inkoko zizatereramo kugirango zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye.&nbsp;

&bull;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera amagi&nbsp; , umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu y&rsquo;inkoko nibura incuro enye; mu gitondo mu masaa tatu; saa tanu; saa munani, no ku mugoroba mu ma saa kumi n&rsquo;imwe, kugirango akuremo amagi inkoko zimaze gutera.&nbsp;

&bull; &nbsp;&nbsp; Gukuramo amagi inshuro nyinshi bituma zitayamena.

Icyitonderwa: Iyi nyandiko tuyikesha Igitabo Agenda y&#39;Umuhinzi cya 2018 cyateguwe na Minisiteri y&#39;Ubuhinzi n&#39;Ubworozi

&nbsp;&nbsp;

Ubworozi bw'Inkoko zitera amagi, aho ziba, kororoka, ibiryo byazo,umusaruro wazo

Dusobanukirwe n’Indwara ya Rift Valley Fever ifata amatungo n’abantu&nbsp;
Indwara ya Rift Valley Fever ni indwara iterwa na Virusi ya Rift Valley Fever Virus ifata amatungo yuza ndetse n’abantu. Iyi virus iba mu muryango wa Bunyaviridae ikaba ari umwihariko muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Iyi ndwara yakunze kwibasira ibihugu nka Kenya Somaliya, Tanzaniya, Madagasicari, Afurika y’Epfo, Misiri, Sudani n’ibindi .&nbsp;
Uko ikwirakwizwa&nbsp;
Iyi ndwara ya RVF yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Kenya mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Naivasha ahagana mu 1930 ubu ikaba imaze hafi ikinyejana muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Iyi ndwara yagaragaje ubukana bukomeye mu gihugu cya Misiri mu mwaka wa 1977 ubwo abantu ibihumbi ijana bayanduye abagera kuri 600 bakahasiga ubuzima naho muri Kenya niho yahitanye amatungo menshi mu mwaka wa 1950-1951 aho yahitanye intama zigera ku bihumbi 100. &nbsp;
Iyi virusi itera RVF ikwirakwizwa n’umubu wo mu bwoko bwa Aedos iba mu bidendezi by’amazi igakwirakwizwa ku buryo bw’amagi y’iyo mibu. Ubundi bwoko bw’imibu nka Culex nayo yihutisha gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara. Imyamaswa zuza (nk’ihene, intama, inka) ndetse n’abantu bashobora kwandura . Amatungo yagaragayemo iyi ndwara araramburura cyane.&nbsp;
Abantu bandura iyi ndwara bitututse mu gukora ku maraso, umubiri w’amatungo yanduye iyi ndwara. Ibi bishobora kuba mu gihe cyo kubaga, kuvura amatungo ndetse no gufasha amatungo kubyara. Abantu bacye bashobora kwanduzwa no kurumwa n’umubu ufite iyo ndwara . Kuba umuntu uyirwaye yayanduza undi ntago biraragara. &nbsp;
Uko ukwirakwizwa guteye gutya: &nbsp;
· Virusi yayo ishobora gukwirakwizwa n’umubu w’ingore binyuze mu magi yawo.&nbsp;
· Muri aya magi virusi igumamo imyaka myinshi mu gihe cy’izuba&nbsp;
· Imvura nyinshi ituma amagi afite ya virusi abyara imibu&nbsp;
· Iyo imibu yiyongereye ubushobozi bwo kwanduza amatungo buriyongera bityo n’uburyo amatungo yanduza abantu bukiyongera&nbsp;
· Iyo imatungo yanduye ari menshi bituma abaveterineri bayitaho bayavura, bikongera ibyago by’uko indwara ikwirakwira mu bantu.&nbsp;
Iyi ndwara yakunze kugaragare cyane abantu hane hakurikira: Mu bishanga byereye imigezi, ahantu harangwa no kuba imvura nke, ahantu huhirwa (hahora ibidendezi bituma imibu iba myinshi), no mu misozi miremire ihehereye. &nbsp;
Ibimenyetso n’uko ivurwa&nbsp;
Iyi Virusi ya RVF imara iminsi hagati 2-6 mu muntu mbere y’uko igaragaza ibimenyetso. Akenshi abantu bafashwe n’iyi ndwara nta bimenyetso bagaragaza cyangwa bakagaragaza bicye birimo umuriro. Abarwayi bayo bamaze kugaragaza ibimenyetso baba bafite umuriro, bagacika intege, kubabara mu rutirigongo ndetse no kuzungera. Umurwayi ashobora gukira mu minsi hagati y’2 n’icyumweru kimwe. Umubare mucye w’abanduye iyi ndwara (8-10%) bagaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo:&nbsp;
· Kubabara amaso &nbsp;
· Kugira ibibazo mu bwonko bishobra guteza umutwe, Koma, ibi ariko bigaragra gacye ku kigero cya 1% cy’abafashwe n’iyi ndwara bishora kuvamo n’urupfu ariko ku buryo bucye cyane.&nbsp;
· Kuva Imyuna nabyo bigaragara kuri bacye mubafashwe n’iyi ndwara (1%) ariko mubabigaragaje 50% bishobora kubaviramo urupfu.&nbsp;
Ikigero cyo kwandura iyi ndwara n’ibyo yangiza&nbsp;
Ugereranyije abantu 1% mu banduye iyi ndwara nibo yica ariko ku matungo uyu mubare uriyongera cyane kuburyo amatungo ahaka yose 100% araramburura. Ku nyigo yakozwe ku bantu byagaragaye ko kuba mu cyaro no kurara hanze ahantu hagaragaye iyi ndwara byongera ibyago byo kurumva n’imibu ikwirakwiza iyi ndwara. Abaveterineri, abakora mu matungo, ababazi, aba bose baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura iyi ndwara. &nbsp;
Uko ivurwa&nbsp;
Kugeza ubu nta muti wihariye kuri iyi ndwara mu bantu urabaho. Mu matungo uburyo bwo gukumira ikwirakwiza ni ukuyakingira. Urukingo rukunze gukoreshwa ni Smithburn ariko hari izndi nkingo ziri gushakashakwa zishobora no gukorehswa ku bantu. &nbsp;
Yateguwe na NIYIGABA Etienne (eniyigaba@yeanrwanda.org)

Dusobanukirwe n'Indwara ya Rift Valley Fever ifata amatungo n'abantu

Ubworozi bw'inkoko z'inyama, gahunda yo kuzikingira, ibiryo bikenewe ku nkoko z'inyama

Kuhira ni ukongera amazi mu murima kugirango&nbsp; ubutaka bukomeze buhehere mu gice imizi iba irimo kugirango igihingwa gikure neza kandi gitange umusaruro mwiza kandi mwinshi .

Ubuhinzi bukozwe bugendeye ku kugwa kw&rsquo;imvura nk&rsquo;isoko yonyine yo kobona mazi ibihingwa bikoresha kugirango bikure bugira ingaruka mbi k&rsquo;umusaruro kuko imvura ishobora kugwa cyangwa ntigwe ititaye ku kuba umuhinzi yarahinze cyangwa atarahinze . Ni ngombwa rero ko tumenya ibijyanye no kuhira kugirango twunganire amazi y&rsquo;imvura twongera amazi mu murima kugirango twuzuze amazi igihingwa gikenera ngo gitange umusaruro mwiza.

Twuhiza amazi angana ate inshuro zingahe?

&nbsp;Ibi biterwa n&rsquo;amazi igihingwa dushaka kuhira gikenera. Amazi igihingwa gikenera abarwa muri milimetero ku munsi (mm/umunsi) cyangwa milimetero ku kwezi (mm/ukwezi) . Amazi akenewe kongerwa mu murira wuhira kandi nanone angana n&rsquo;amazi igihingwa gikenera ukuyemo amazi y&rsquo;imvura yaguye. Mu busanzwe twagakwiye kuhira buri munsi ariko bitewe n&rsquo;uko bisaba imirimo myinshi n&rsquo;igihe kinini twuhira dushyiramo intera wenda y&rsquo;iminsi ibiri, itanu, icumi bitewe n&rsquo;igihingwa ariko ugakora ku buryo ya ntera wasizemo y&rsquo;igihe amazi wuhiye azaba agihagije kugeza igihe uzongera kuhirira.

Muri make ni kangahe dukwiye kuhira?: Kenshi gahagije kugirango igihingwa kiticwa no kubura amazi. Twuhiza amazi angina ate? :Amazi angana n&rsquo;ayo igihingwa cyakoresheje&nbsp; kuva ku gihe uheruka kuhirira.

Iyo umaze kuhira igihingwa kiba kibasha gukoresha amazi ku buryo bworoshye cyane ariko uko hagenda hashira iminsi nyuma yo kuhira utarongera kuhira igihingwa kigenda kibura imbaraga zo gukoresha amazi aba asigaye mu butaka. Ugomba kuhira mbere y&rsquo;uko igihingwa gitangira kwerekana ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi kuko iyo cyambyerekanye kiba cyamaze guta ubushobozi bumwe buzakigeza ku musaruro wifuzwa.

Amazi ashobora gushyirwa mu murima&nbsp; ashobora guterwa n&rsquo;ibintu bitatu:

<ul>
o<li>Ubwoko bw&rsquo;ubutaka</li>
o<li>Uburebure bw&rsquo;imizi y&rsquo;igihingwa</li>
o<li>Uburyo bwo kuhira bukoreshwa</li>
</ul>

Ubwoko bw&rsquo;ubutaka: Bugena amazi menshi ashoboka ashobora gufatwa mu butaka. Ubutaka b&rsquo;umusenyi bushobora gufata amazi make, muri ubu butaka bw&rsquo;umusenyi kuko buhitisha amazi cyane bisaba kubira kenshi ukoresheje amazi make buri nshuro wuhiye. Naho k&rsquo;ubutaka bw&rsquo;ibumba cyangwa inombe kuko bwo budahitisha amazi cyane bisaba kubira inshuro nke ariko ukoresha amazi menshi buri nshuro wuhiye.

Uburebure b&rsquo;imizi y&rsquo;igihingwa: ibihingwa bifite imizi migufi, amazi make ashobora kuguma mu gice kirimo imizi gusa ukuhira kenshi. Naho ku bifite imizi miremire bikenera n&rsquo;amazi menshi kuburyo wakuhira gake ariko ugashyiramo amazi menshi. Ibihingwa bikiri bito bigira imizi migufi ugereranyije n&rsquo;ibikuze niyo mpamvu iyo ukimara gutera cyangwa kubiba , igihingwa biba bikeneye amazi make ariko inshuro nyinshi kurusha mu gihe kimaze gukura.

Uburyo bwo kuhira bukoreshwa: Amazi ashobora kwinjira mu butaka hakoreshejwe uburyo ubu n&rsquo;ubu bigomba kureberwa mu murima. Urugero , ugiye gukoresha kuhira ushyira amazi mu murima nko mu muceri amazi menshi ashobora kwinjira mu butaka mu gihe wuhiye inshuro imwe kurusha uko waba ugiye kuyashyiramo ukoresheje kuhira hakoreshejwe utwuma tuyanyanyagiza mu murima, gusa mu kuhira ku buso buto uburyo bukoreshwa aba ari ingenzi kugirango umenye inshuro uzuhira ibihingwa byawe.

Ingaruko zo kubura kw&rsquo;amazi k&rsquo;umusaruro w&rsquo;ibihingwa

Mu busanzwe mu murima wuhirwa ibihingwa ntago byakagombye kugira ingaruka zo kubura amazi kuko amazi agomba gushyirwamo mbere y&rsquo;uko ibimenyeho by&rsquo;ibura ry&rsquo;amazi ku bihingwa bigaragara.&nbsp; Gusa bishobora kudashoboka kuhira kuri cya gihe koko igihingwa gikeneye amazi. Urugero umugezi ushobora gukama cyangwa ukagira amazi make mu gihe akenewe na benshi, guhitamo gusaranganya amazi make ufite ku buso bunini kugirango buri muhinzi wese aboneho nubwo aba ari make kuyo yari akeneye. Muri icyo gihe cyo kubura kw&rsquo;amazi ni ngombwa kumenya:

<ul>
o<li>Igihingwa kigirwaho ingaruka nyinshi no kubura amazi,igihingwa kizagira umusaruro muke nikitabona amazi.</li>
o<li>Igihe igihingwa gikenera amazi cyane mu mikurire yacyo.</li>
</ul>

Birumvikana ko hari ibintu &nbsp;byatuma uhitamo kuhira cyane igihingwa runaka nk&rsquo;inyungu gitanga ukurikije n&rsquo;ibindi, ibi biterwa n&rsquo;umuhinzi uko abyumva.

Uko ibihingwa byangizwa no kubura kw&rsquo;amazi

Muri rusange ibihingwa bihingwa hakenewe gusarurwa ibibabi byabyo cyangwa imbuto ziribwa nibyo bikunda kugirwaho ingaruka nyinshi zo kubura amazi kurusha ibihingwa bihingwa hagamijwe&nbsp; gusarurwa impeke cyangwa imbuto

Ibihingwa byihanganira kubura amazi:&nbsp;

<ul>
o<li>Imyumbati</li>
</ul>

<ul>
o<li>Ipamba</li>
o<li>Uburo</li>
o<li>Inkori</li>
o<li>Amasaka</li>
</ul>

Ibihingwa byihanaganira gake kubura amazi

<ul>
o<li>Alfalfa</li>
o<li>Citrus</li>
o<li>Inkeri</li>
o<li>Ubunyobwa</li>
o<li>Soya</li>
o<li>Ibihwagari</li>
o<li>ingano</li>
</ul>

Ibihingwa byihanganira biri mu rugero kubura amazi

<ul>
o<li>Ibishyimbo</li>
</ul>

<ul>
o<li>Amashu</li>
o<li>Ibigori</li>
o<li>Ibitunguru</li>
o<li>Amashaza</li>
o<li>Urusenda</li>
o<li>Inyanya</li>
o<li>Imyungu</li>
</ul>

Ibihingwa bitihanganira/byangizwa vuba no kubura amazi

<ul>
o<li>Urutoki</li>
o<li>Imboga (z&rsquo;ubwoko bwose)</li>
o<li>Umuceri wo mubishanga</li>
o<li>Ibijumba n&rsquo;ibirayi</li>
o<li>Ibisheke</li>
</ul>

Nk&rsquo;uko bigaragara muri ibi bihingwa tubagejejeho, umuceri, urutoki, ibijumba n&rsquo;ibirayi,ibisheke byose ntibyihanganira kubura kw&rsquo;amazi , bivuzeko niyo habaho kubura amazi guke umusaruro ubivaho uragabanyuka cyane. Kubura kw&rsquo;amazi bigomba kwirindwa muri ibi bihingwa .

Ibihingwa nk&rsquo;amasaka, uburo byo bigaragaza kwihanganira kubura amazi ,niba rero habayeho ibura ry&rsquo;amazi cyangwa izuba rigacana mu gihe kitari kinini umusaruro wabyo ntago uzagirwaho ingaruka cyane

Niba ibihingwa byinshi bitewe mu murima wuhirwa tuvuge nk&rsquo;ubunyobwa, amasaka na Dodo ariko amazi akaba adahagije , mbere na mbere uzabanza kuhira imboga(dodo) kuko arizo zicwa cyane no kubura amazi kurusha ibindi.

Igihe igihingwa gikenera amazi cyane mu mikurire yacyo

Ubuzima bw&rsquo;ibihingwa bimara igihembwe kimwe cy&rsquo;ihinga mu murima bushobora kugabaygwamo ibice bitatu:

<ul>
o<li>Igihe igihingwa kigitangira gukura: kuva ku gutera kugeza kigize 10% by&rsquo;igihingwa cyose</li>
o<li>Igihe igihingwa kirimo gukura: kuva kigize 10% kugeza kigize 70% by&rsquo;igihingwa cyose</li>
o<li>Igihembwe kigeze hagati: harimo kuzana indabo n&rsquo;imbuto zizatanga umusaruro zitangiye kwikora</li>
o<li>Igihembwe kirangira: harimo kwera kw&rsquo;igihingwa no kugisarura.</li>
</ul>

&nbsp;Muri rusange twavugako igice cy&rsquo; Igihembwe kigeze hagati&nbsp; aricyo amazi aba akenewe cyane bivuzeko aramutse abuze iki gihe umusaruro ugabanyuka cyane. Ibi biterwa n&rsquo;uko aribwo igihingwa kiba gikeneye amazi menshi. Igihe igihingwa kitabangamirwa cyane no kubura kw&rsquo;amazi ni &ldquo;Igihembwe kirangira&rdquo; . iki gihe igihingwa kiba kirimo kwera no gusarurwa. Mu gihe igihingwa gisarurwa cyumye bizagira ingaruka nto k&rsquo;umusaruro , gusa n&rsquo;ibihingwa bisarurwa bigitoshye nka dodo nabyo kubura kw&rsquo;amazi muri iki gihe byabigiraho ingaruka.

&ldquo;Igihe igihingwa kigitangira gukura&rdquo; na &ldquo;Igihe igihingwa kirimo gukura&rdquo; byo biri hagati na hagati ugereranyije n&rsquo;ibyo tuvuze haruguru. Ibihingwa bimwe iyo bibuze amazi muri ibi bihe bishaka uko biyabona wenda bikazana imizi miremire.

Mu murima uhinzemo igihingwa kimwe, ariko umurima wose ukaba utaraterewe rimwe, amazi akaba ari make abahinzi bagirwa inama yo kuhira ibihingwa bigeze ku gihe &ldquo;Igihembwe kigeze hagati&rdquo;(harimo kuzana indabo n&rsquo;imbuto zizatanga umusaruro zitangiye kwikora).

Ingero z&rsquo;ibihingwa bimwe n&rsquo;igihe bikeneramo amazi menshi

<ul>
o<li>Urutoki : Igihe cyose</li>
o<li>Ibishyimbo: Mu gihe bizana ururabo no gukora imisogwe/imiteja</li>
o<li>Amashu: Igihe ari kubumba no mu gihe ari kwera</li>
o<li>Amacunga: Mu gihe azana indabo no gukora imbuto</li>
o<li>Ipamba: Mu gihe rizana indabo no gukora ipamba</li>
o<li>Imizabibu: Mu gihe ikura no kuzana indabo kurusha igihe cyo gukura kw&rsquo;imbuto</li>
o<li>Ubunyobwa: Mu gihe buzana indabo no gukora imbuto</li>
o<li>Ibigori: mu gihe bitangiye guheka no gupakira imiheko</li>
o<li>Ibitunguru: Mu gihe igice cyo mu butaka kiri kubyimba</li>
o<li>Amashaza: mu gihe ari kuzana ururabo&nbsp; no gupakira mu misogwe</li>
o<li>Urusenda: igihe cyose</li>
o<li>Inanasi: igihe zirimo gukura mbere y&rsquo;uko zana</li>
o<li>Ibijumba/ibirayi: Mu gihe biri gushora no gukora ibijumba</li>
o<li>Umuceri:&nbsp; mu gihe bizana ihundo no kuzana ururabo</li>
o<li>Amasaka: mu gihe bizana ihundo no kwera k&rsquo;amahundo</li>
o<li>Soya: Mu gihe izana ururabo no gupakira mu misogwe</li>
o<li>Ibisheke: Igihe bitangiye gukura bishibuka bizana n&rsquo;ingingo</li>
o<li>Ibihwagari: Mu kuzana ururabo kuruta mu kwera kwabyo</li>
o<li>Itabi: mu kuzana ururabo</li>
o<li>Watermelon (imyungu): mu kuzana indabo no gukura k&rsquo;umwungu wazo</li>
o<li>Ingano: mu kuzana ururabo.</li>
</ul>

Iyi ni inyigisho ya FAO yashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda na NIYIGABA Etienne (<a class="Xx" dir="ltr" href="mailto:eniyigaba@yeanrwanda.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer" tabindex="-1" target="_blank">eniyigaba@yeanrwanda.org</a>)

Kuhira: Ingaruko zo kubura kw'amazi k'umusaruro w'ibihingwa, Igihe igihingwa gikenera amazi cyane, n'ingero z'ibihingwa n'igihe bikeneramo amazi menshi.

Not long ago people used to keep 2 to 4 chicken in their home, most of them were traditional races, for eggs and may be for the sake of having some birds domesticated. Nowadays young people and professionals farmers are harvesting a lot of money from Poultry farming especially Chickens with improved chicken races 

Nyirabagwiza Magnifique , graduated from the University of Rwanda lives in Ruhango District , Byimana Sector, after graduating she was looking for jobs to start her career, but things didn&rsquo;t work like expected ; she didn&rsquo;t get any job until she got an idea of starting her own business that can create job even for some people in his community. She thought about staring a chicken farm though she didn&rsquo;t have enough money to run the business, she was hopping for the best to get money provided she had a nice business idea. &ldquo; I heard many times on radio that people are getting money from Chicken farming , then I said why not me?&rdquo; Said Magnifique , &ldquo;I had a nice idea and got fund from a FAO Project that was supporting unemployed young people to start small businesses, I started with 300 chickens but I scaled up to 550 chicken, now I every morning collect about 265-280 eggs from those 300 chicken I stated with .&rdquo;she added . It is not an easy job; to keep them healthy, feed them for better eggs production; I&rsquo;ve got to find 2 people to help me and pay them monthly.

She got some trainings and study trips to help her increase her skills about this business but still she is facing some challenges; she needs more trainings on chicken farming as she wants to scale up her farming activities, medicines and veterinary services are expensive, chicken food is expensive and most of them are imported, the price of eggs and chickens is almost the same on markets whatever the production cost. 

She is very proud of her business when she talks about it and she is ready to make it more professional. She mentioned that our Country Rwanda is more of young people who needs jobs, that&rsquo;s fine and good that we have young but it won&rsquo;t be good if they all need office jobs, worse again if they won&rsquo;t serve Agriculture that host more that 80% of our population . &ldquo;What we got from school must be a great tool to start thinking beyond what worked with our parents that can no longer work with our generation.&rdquo; Said Magnifique. 

She wish to share her farming story with YEAN, to inspire and get inspired as she is enjoying to chat with farmers on YEAN Platform. We wish her all the best in her Poultry farming and wish to see her growing to reach her dreams as a Young agripreneurs .

Story by Bucyansenga Kizito (bucyakakizito@gmail.com)

Nyirabagwiza Magnifique: "Chicken farming: Quick money, short period with a small house"

Ubu buryo ni uburyo bw&rsquo;ibanze mu buhinzi bufasha kubungabunga ubutaka . Guhinga usimburanya ibihingwa ni uburyo bwo gusimburanya ibihingwa bitandukanye ku butaka bumwe mu bihimbwe by&rsquo;ibihinga bikurikirana, hakurikizwa ibyo umuhinzi yifuza kugeraho mu gukurikiranya ibihingwa mu murima we. Ubu buryo bufasha mu kugabanya isuri mu mirima, kongera uburumbuke w&rsquo;ubutaka no kongera umusaruro.

Guhinga igihingwa kimwe mu murima umwe mu gihe kirerekire bituma ubutaga bugunduka kuberako igihingwa gikenera ibintu bimwe mu butaka iyo bishizemo ntabwo igihingwa gikomeza kwihanganira kwera kitabonamo ibigitunga , ariko iyo uhinduye ugahinga kuri ubwo butaga ikindi gihingwa , bitewe nuko ibihingwa bikenera itungagihingwa zitandukanye , iki uhateye gifata za ntungagihingwa icyambere kitakoresheje kuko arizo gikeneye gusa hanyuma ugasanga igihingwa gishishe rwose. Ubu buryo kandi butuma ibisigazwa by&rsquo;igihingwa gisaruwe bisigara mu murima bivamo imborera ibyara intungagihingwa z&rsquo;igihingwa kigiye kuhingwa.

Hari amahame y&rsquo;ingenzi atatu agenga gusimburanya ibihingwa (Cook and Ellis, 1987):

<ul>
o<li>Gusimburanya ibihingwa ni byiza cyane kurusha guhinga igihingwa kimwe buri gihe nubwo igihingwa waba usimburanyije nacyo cyaba kiba mu muryango umwe w&rsquo;ibihingwa n&rsquo;icyo gisimbuye .</li>
o<li>Uburyo bwiza bwo gusimburanya ibihingwa n&rsquo;uburyo buzanamo Ibihingwa bijyanye n&rsquo;ibinyamisogwe.</li>
o<li>Gusimburanya ibihingwa ubwabyo ntibihagije kugirango bitange umusaruro mwiza mu gihe kirekire. Bivuzeko kongeramo ifumbire mu murima nabyo bikenerwa.</li>
</ul>

Ibyo kwitaho mugutegura uburyo bwo gusimburanya ibihingwa .

<ul>
o<li>Buri gihe tekereza ku buryo bwo kongera imborera y&rsquo;ibisigazwa by&rsquo;ibihingwa mu murima wawe . Aha ibihingwa bibyara ibisigazwa byinshi byitabwaho kugirango byongere nyine iyo mborera mu butaka bukomeze bugire intungagihingwa zihagije n&rsquo;ubuhehere bwinshi.</li>
o<li>Igihingwa kimwe ntago kijya gihingwa ku butaka bumwe mu bihembwe by&rsquo;ihinga bikurikirana.</li>
o<li>Ibihingwa uteye bigomba kuba byihanganira ikirere cy&rsquo;aho uri kubitera , byaba yemwe n&rsquo;ibyatsi bizana ifumbire mu murima .</li>
</ul>

Hagomba kwitwa ku ngaruka igihingwa kigira ku kindi kizagikurikira:

<ul>
o<li>Kureba niba ibihingwa byishimirana hagati yabyo</li>
o<li>Uburyo igihingwa kihanganira indwara n&rsquo;ibyonnyi bituruka kucyakibanjirije</li>
o<li>Uburyo igihingwa kibyara ibisigazwa bisigara mu murima.</li>
o<li>Kureba ibijyanye n&rsquo;ubwoko bw&rsquo;imizi y&rsquo;ibihingwa</li>
o<li>Kureba intungagihingwa zikenerwa na buri bwokobw&rsquo;igihingwa</li>
</ul>

Ibyiza byo guhinga ukurikiranya ibihingwa 

<ul>
o<li>Iyo hakoreshejwe ubu buryo , Ibihingwa byinshi bigaragaza gutanga umusaruro mwiza</li>
o<li>Ubu buryo butuma habaho kugabanya indwara n&rsquo;ibyonnyi by&rsquo;ibihingwa ndetse no kugabanya ibyatsi bimera mu murima bidakenewe kubera bya bisigazwa by&rsquo;igihingwa cyasaruwe bikora nk&rsquo;isaso mu murima.</li>
o<li>Ubu buryo kandi butanga ingaruka nziza ku kubungabunga ubwiza bw&rsquo;ubutaka (imizi y&rsquo;igihingwa ikaba myinshi kandi ikinjira mu butaka kure), bikanongera ibikorwa by&rsquo;utunyabuzima tuba mu butaka.</li>
o<li>Muri ubu buryo birashoboka ko wagabanya amafaranga ukoresha mu gutunganya imirima yawe kandi ukagira uburyo bufatika bw&rsquo;ingengabihe y&rsquo;ubuhinzi bwawe.</li>
o<li>Ubu buryo kandi bushobora kugabanya Ibiza bikomoka ku mihindukire y&rsquo;ikirere n&rsquo;ibihe kuko ibihingwa bibyihanganira ku buryo butandukanye.</li>
o<li>Ubu buryo butuma umuhinzi ahorana umusaruro wiyongera bitewe n&rsquo;uburyo ubutaka buhora bufite intungagihingwa zikenewe.</li>
</ul>

Uburyo bwo gusimburanya ibihingwa ni buryo bwizewe kandi buhendutse bwo kugabanya indwara n&rsquo;ibyonnyi by&rsquo;ibihingwa. Ubu buryo kandi butuma ubutaka buhorana intungagihingwa zikenewe kuko buhorana ibisigazwa by&rsquo;ibihingwa byasaruwe .

Guhitamo uburyo ibihingwa bikurikirana

Ubundi ibi biterwa n&rsquo;intego umuhinzi afite ishora kuba kurwanya ibyatsi bimera bidakenewe, kongera intungagihingwa zikenewe mu butaka n&rsquo;imyunyungugu nka Nitrogen (N), Kurwanya isuri, kongera imborera mu butaka, kurwanya indwara runaka n&rsquo;ibindi

Byateguwe na <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/etienne-niyigaba" target="_blank">NIYIGABA Etienne </a>&nbsp;. Hifashishijwe imfashanyigisho za FAO/TECA

Uburyo bwo guhinga usimburanya ibihingwa , akamaro kabyo, impamvu tubikora 

Uburyo bwo guhinga Uvanga Ibihingwa

Guhinga uvanga ibihingwa ni uburyo bwo guhinga ibihingwa bibiri cyangwa byinshi icyarimwe mu murima umwe. Ubu ni uburyo ukoresha igihe gito kandi ku butaka buto ukeza ibihingwa bitandukanye. Muri ubu buhinzi ibihingwa bisangira ubutaka ariko bihingwa kuburyo bubyorohereza gusangira intunga gihingwa ziba mu butaka bitabangamiranye ukurikije ibyo buri gihingwa gikenera ndetse bigafashanya muri ubwo buzima . Ubu buhinzi bushobora gukorwa uvanga bihingwa bidatinda mumurima hagati yabyo(annual plants intercrop) , ibihingwa bitinda mumurima n&rsquo;ibidatinda mumurima (annual plants with perennial plants), ibitinda mumurima hagati yabyo (perennial plants intercrop).

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoramo ubu buhinzi:

<ul>
o<li>Kuvanga ibihingwa uko wishakiye (Mixed or multiple cropping) : Ubu ni uburyo ibihingwa bibiri cyangwa byinshi bishobora kuvangwa kubutaka bumwe ariko bidahinze bikurikije imirongo runaka y&rsquo;igihingwa ukwacyo bigahingwa bikurikije amabwiriza yo kuvanga ibihingwa ndetse n&rsquo;ubwoko bw&rsquo;ibihingwa bishobora kuvangwa.</li>
o<li>Guhinga igihingwa nyuma y&rsquo;ikindi (Relay cropping): Ubu ni uburyo ibihingwa bibiri cyangwa byinshi bishobora kuvangwa ariko kuri ubu buryo ho urareka igihingwa wateye mbere kikabanza kigakura cyarangiza gukura ugatera ikindi wifuza kukivanga nacyo.</li>
o<li>Guhinga ku mirongo (Row intercropping): Ubu ni uburo igihingwa kimwe cyangwa byinshi bivangwa bigasangira ubutaka n&rsquo;igihe cy&rsquo;ihinga ariko bihinze ku buryo buri gihingwa gihinze ku murongo wacyo.</li>
o<li>Guhinga mu dutsiko tw&rsquo;ibihingwa cyangwa mu bipande(Strip cropping) : Ubu ni uburyo ibihingwa bivangwa ariko buri gihingwa kigahingwa mu dutsiko dutandukanye mu murima ; umurima ugabanywamo ibice kuburyo buri gihingwa gihingwa kugace kamwe hanyuma uduce tugahingwa dukurikiranye ariko hagaterwamo ibihingwa bitandukanye mu duce dukurikirana. Ni ukuvugako buri gihingwa kigenda gihingwa mu gace kacyo mumurima .</li>
</ul>

Ibyiza byo Kuvanga ibihingwa

Abanditsi benshi n&rsquo;abashakashatsi bagiye bagaruka ku byiza byo kuvanga imyaka hano tugiye kubagezaho bimwe muri ibyo byiza byabyo

<ol>
o<li>Byongera umusaruro no Gukoresha ubutaka neza kurusha uwabihinze bitandukanye</li>
o<li>Bituma ubutaka butagunduka vuba kandi bikongera imyunyugugu ya Nitrogen mubutaka</li>
o<li>Bigabanya ukurwara kw&rsquo;ibihingwa guturutse ku dusimba cyangwa ibindi byonnyi .</li>
o<li>Bigabanya udusimba tuza mu murima dutera indwara ku</li>
o<li>Bigabanya isuri yo kumisozi kandi bikarinda ubutaka buhingwa gutwarwa n&rsquo;isuri.</li>
o<li>Bigabanya kumera kw&rsquo;ibyatsi bidakenewe mu murima cyane ko ibi byatsi bituma ibihingwa bidakura neza.</li>
o<li>Gukoresha abakora mu murima bake ugereranije n&rsquo;iyo wari guhinga utandukanyije ibihingwa .</li>
o<li>Gutanga umusaruro uturutse ku bihingwa bibiri cyangwa byinshi aho gusarura kimwe.</li>
</ol>

Buyateguwe na <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/etienne-niyigaba-b75b6142" target="_blank">NIYIGABA Etienne</a>&nbsp;Hifashishijwe imfashanyigisho za FAO.

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Uko inzuki zororoka, ibibangamira inzuki ndetse n'ibyo wakwitwararika mu bworozi bwazo ngo zitange umusaruro mwiza.

Kuhira: Ingaruko zo kubura kw'amazi k'umusaruro w'ibihingwa, Igihe igihingwa gikenera amazi cyane, n'ingero z'ibihingwa n'igihe bikeneramo amazi menshi.

Nyirabagwiza Magnifique: "Chicken farming: Quick money, short period with a small house"

Uburyo bwo guhinga usimburanya ibihingwa , akamaro kabyo, impamvu tubikora

Uburyo bwo guhinga Uvanga Ibihingwa, uko bikorwa n'ibyiza byabyo

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